Water infrastructure is the complex network of systems, structures, and equipment designed to gather, treat, distribute, and recycle water for daily use while managing wastewater and stormwater. It serves as a critical backbone for public health, economic stability, and environmental protection, ensuring the continuous flow of clean, potable water to homes and industries.
The infrastructure is generally categorized into three main components:
- Drinking Water: Includes sources (rivers, aquifers), storage facilities (reservoirs, dams, water towers), treatment plants, and over 2.2 million miles of underground pipes that deliver safe water to approximately 90% of the U.S. population.
- Wastewater: Encompasses collection systems, pump stations, and more than 16,000 treatment plants that filter contaminants from used water before safely discharging it back into the environment.
- Stormwater: Consists of networks of concrete sewers, roadside ditches, and green infrastructure approaches that manage runoff to mitigate flooding and prevent pollution.
Despite its importance, much of this infrastructure is aging, with many pipes laid in the 19th century reaching the end of their design life.
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